2020-Oct-5 Level 1 これ、私が作ったクッキー。

Lesson Dialogues

Situation 1

Haru sees Aki's old wallet and speaks.

ハル：えー、それ、まだ持ってるの？

ハル：えー、それ、まだ持(も)ってるの？

Haru: Hey, you still have that?

• え、えー expresses surprise or disappointment; えー、本当(ほんとう)？ What? Really?
• それ that
• まだ yet; still; まだ帰(かえ)れない。I can't go home yet.
• 持(も)って te-form of 持(も)つ; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 持(も)つ to have; to take; to hold
• ～てる、～ている verb form to express continuation; 食(た)べる + ている = 食(た)べている eating; てる is a colloquial version of ている; some verbs such as 知(し)る uses this form to express the present situation 知(し)っている (I know) but uses the present native form to say the opposite: 知(し)らない (I don't know); often てん in spoken Japanese: それ、知(し)ってんの？Do you know that?
• ～の emphasises a sentence or question: 本当(ほんとう)にできるの？Can you really do it?; できるの！I can do it!; may sound feminine in some cases; 私(わたし)、できるの。 sounds feminine.

アキ：うん、好きだから。

アキ：うん、好(す)きだから。

Aki: Yeah, because I like it.

• うん (casual, non-keigo) yes; yeah
• 好(す)き favorite; to like; to love
• ～から because; since: 雨(あめ)だから行(い)きません。I won't go because it's raining.; use だから with nouns and na-adjectives.

ハル：買ったの、かなり前だよね？

ハル：買(か)ったの、かなり前(まえ)だよね？

Haru: You bought it a long time ago, right?

• 買(か)った past tense of 買(か)う
• 買(か)う to buy
• ～の の can make other words, such as verbs, function like a noun: 食(た)べるのはやめる。I will stop eating.
• かなり very; considerably; rather; 今日(きょう)はかなり寒(さむ)い。It's very cold today.
• 前(まえ) forward; front; before
• ～よね shares mutual sentiments; confirms some information: 寒(さむ)いよね。 It's cold, right?; よな is sometimes used by male speakers; かわいいよ。 may imply she might not know that she's cute, かわいいね。 may imply you expect her to notice it too, and かわいいよね。implies that the speaker is certain about the statement and expect the other person to agree

アキ：そう。結構使ってる。

アキ：そう。結構(けっこう)使(つか)ってる。

Aki: That's right. I use it quite a lot.

• そう so; such; that is so; that's right
• 結構(けっこう) adv. quite, fairly; na-adj. good
• 使(つか)って te-form of 使(つか)う; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 使(つか)う to use; to handle

ハル：そんなに好きなの？

ハル：そんなに好(す)きなの？

Haru: Do you like it so much?

• そんなに so much; so; like that; often そんなに～ない: そんなに食(た)べれない。I can't eat that much.

アキ：うん、とっても。

アキ：うん、とっても。

Aki: Yeah, I like it a lot.

• とっても very; とっても is often stronger than とても

Situation 2

Aki and her friend Sachi are talking.

アキ：見て。

アキ：見(み)て。

Aki: Look.

• 見(み)て te-form of 見(み)る; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 見(み)る to see; to look; to watch; to check; we use 観(み)る for things like sports or TV shows

サチ：何？

サチ：何(なに)？

Sachi: What?

• 何(なに) what

アキ：これ、私が作ったクッキー。

アキ：これ、私(わたし)が作(つく)ったクッキー。

Aki: These are cookies that I've made.

• これ this
• 作(つく)った past tense of 作(つく)る
• 作(つく)る to make; to create; to cook
• クッキー cookie

サチ：え、これ、自分で作ったの？すごい。

サチ：え、これ、自分(じぶん)で作(つく)ったの？すごい。

Sachi: Oh, you made these on your own? Amazing.

• 自分(じぶん) oneself
• ～で in;at; from; by: indicates means (methods) or places; フォークで食(た)べる to eat with a fork; 家(いえ)で食(た)べる to eat at home; may make a noun adverbial: 短(みじか)い時間(じかん)で食(た)べる eating fast; indicates a choice: じゃあビールで。Then, I choose beer.
• すごい i-adj. fantastic, wonderful, terrible; adv. awfully, very, immensely

アキ：ねえ、食べてみて。どう？

アキ：ねえ、食(た)べてみて。どう？

Aki: Hey, try eating one. How is it?

• ねえ hey
• 食(た)べて te-form of 食(た)べる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 食(た)べる to eat
• ～てみて te-form of ～てみる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• ～てみる to try and _; to try something; to attempt to do something; 食(た)べてみる。I'll try eating.
• どう how; what; どう思(おも)う？What do you think?; how about: ラーメンどう？How about (eating) ramen?

サチ：あ、いい感じ。すごくいいよ。

サチ：あ、いい感(かん)じ。すごくいいよ。

Sachi: Oh, it tastes good. It's really good.

• いい good; 映画(えいが)よかった！ The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice; 私(わたし)、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.
• 感(かん)じ feeling; impression; atmosphere; often used to express your impression: この部屋(へや)いい感(かん)じ This room looks good.
• ～よ introduces new information; emphasises a sentence; 朝(あさ)だよ！It's morning!

Situation 3

Sato-san and Yamada-san are talking at their workplace.

佐藤：最近、いいことありましたか？

佐藤(さとう)：最近(さいきん)、いいことありましたか？

Sato: Did something good happen recently?

• 最近(さいきん) recently; lately
• こと thing; こと converts a sentence into a massive noun: 明日(あした)、日本(にほん)に行(い)くことは難(むずか)しい。 It's difficult to go to Japan tomorrow. ("明日(あした)、日本(にほん)に行(い)くこと" works like a big chunk of noun.)
• ありました past tense of あります
• あります ます form of ある; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• ある to be (existence); to have (possession); to happen; use ある for objects and いる for people and animals
• ～か？ makes a sentence a question; usually used with keigo sentences in spoken Japanese; textbooks often drop the question mark, but it's common to use a question mark in real-life situations

山田：え、分かりますか？

山田(やまだ)：え、分(わ)かりますか？

Yamada: Oh, did you notice?

• 分(わ)かります ます form of 分(わ)かる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• 分(わ)かる to understand; to see

佐藤：はい、そんな顔してますよ。

佐藤(さとう)：はい、そんな顔(かお)してますよ。

Sato: Yes, you have been looking that way.

• はい yes
• そんな that; such; そんな事(こと)はできない。I can't do such a thing.
• 顔(かお) face
• しています ます form of している; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• して te-form of する; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• する to do; to make; to decide on; to choose

山田：え、そうですか？

山田(やまだ)：え、そうですか？

Yamada: Oh, is that so?

• ～です polite ending; use this polite form, called "keigo," when you talk to strangers, people who are older than you, and in business situations.

佐藤：何があったんですか？

佐藤(さとう)：何(なに)があったんですか？

Sato: What happened?

• あった past tense of ある
• ～んです commonly used when you explain something; 実(じつ)は日本人(にほんじん)なんです。 In fact, I'm Japanese.

山田：家を買ったんですよ。

山田(やまだ)：家(いえ)を買(か)ったんですよ。

Yamada: I bought a house.

• 家(いえ) house; home

Situation 4

The manager came to Sato-san's workplace after work.

部長：山田さんはいますか？

部長(ぶちょう)：山田(やまだ)さんはいますか？

Manager: Is Yamada-san around?

• います ます form of いる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• いる to be; to exist; to stay; to use ある for objects and いる for people and animals

佐藤：もう、帰りました。

佐藤(さとう)：もう、帰(かえ)りました。

Sato: He already went home.

• もう already; soon; again; more; strengthens expression of an emotion; filler word: なんか、もう、帰(かえ)ろうよ: Like, let's go home already?
• 帰(かえ)りました past tense of 帰(かえ)ります
• 帰(かえ)ります ます form of 帰(かえ)る; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• 帰(かえ)る to return; to go home; to go back

部長：そうですか。他に誰かいませんか？

部長(ぶちょう)：そうですか。他(ほか)に誰(だれ)かいませんか？

Manager: Oh, I see. Is there anyone else around?

• 他(ほか) other; another; else; 他(ほか)の人(ひと) other people
• ～に indicates a destination, place or point of attention: 日本(にほん)に行(い)く to go to Japan; 友達(ともだち)に話(はな)す to talk to a friend; indicates the result or goal of an action: 大人(おとな)になる to become an adult; indicates an actor in a passive sentence: 先生(せんせい)に見(み)つかった。I was found by a teacher.
• 誰(だれ)か someone; somebody
• いません negative form of います
• います ます form of いる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence

佐藤：私だけです。

佐藤(さとう)：私(わたし)だけです。

Sato: Only I am around.

• ～だけ only; alone; merely

部長：悪いけど、これ、すぐ、やってくれませんか？

部長(ぶちょう)：悪(わる)いけど、これ、すぐ、やってくれませんか？

Manager: Sorry, but can you do this right away?

• 悪(わる)い bad
• けど but; however; although; though; a lot of people finish a sentence with (だ)けど because it makes the sentence less direct.
• すぐ immediately; right away; soon
• やって te-form of やる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• やる to do; to give
• ～てくれません negative form of ～てくれます
• ～てくれます ます form of ～てくれる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• ～てくれる to do something as a favor; 学校(がっこう)に来(き)てくれる？ Can you come to the school?; ～てくれない indicates that someone is not doing something even if you want them to: 鈴木(すずき)くんが学校(がっこう)に来(き)てくれない。Suzuki-kun is not coming to school (even though I want him to.)

佐藤：分かりました。

佐藤(さとう)：分(わ)かりました。

Sato: Understood.

• 分(わ)かりました past tense of 分(わ)かります

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