2020-Dec-28 Level 1 フルーツ、好き？

Lesson Dialogues

Situation 1

Yuka and Haru are talking about fruit.

ユカ：フルーツ、好き？

ユカ：フルーツ、好(す)き？

Yuka: Do you like fruit?

• フルーツ fruit
• 好(す)き favorite; to like; to love

ハル：うん、好きだよ。

ハル：うん、好(す)きだよ。

Haru: Yeah, I like it.

• うん (casual, non-keigo) yes; yeah
• ～よ introduces new information; emphasises a sentence; 朝(あさ)だよ！It's morning!

ユカ：食べること、多い？

ユカ：食(た)べること、多(おお)い？

Yuka: Do you eat it often?

• 食(た)べる to eat
• こと thing; こと converts a sentence into a massive noun: 明日(あした)、日本(にほん)に行(い)くことは難(むずか)しい。 It's difficult to go to Japan tomorrow. ("明日(あした)、日本(にほん)に行(い)くこと" works like a big chunk of noun.)
• 多(おお)い many; much; a lot of

ハル：うん、まあね。

ハル：うん、まあね。

Haru: Mm, I guess.

• まあ well; I think; まあ、そうだよね。Well, that's right.
• ～ね shares information or experiences; softens a sentence; expects an agreement; isn't it?; don't you?; 雨(あめ)だね。Oh, it's raining (as you can see).

ユカ：いつ食べる？

ユカ：いつ食(た)べる？

Yuka: When do you eat it?

• いつ when

ハル：ごはん食べた後とか、多いよね。

ハル：ごはん食(た)べた後(あと)とか、多(おお)いよね。

Haru: Often, like, after eating a meal.

• ごはん rice; meal
• 食(た)べた past tense of 食(た)べる
• 後(あと) after; later; the rest; also; in addition; from now: あと三分(さんふん)あります。We have 3 minutes left (from now).
• ～とか such as; or something; and so on; something like; 家(いえ)とか車(くるま)とか買(か)いたい。I want to buy things like cars or houses; people often add to soften a word: 車(くるま)とか買(か)いたい。I want to buy a car (とか doesn't have a lot of meaning.)
• ～よね shares mutual sentiments; confirms some information: 寒(さむ)いよね。 It's cold, right?; よな is sometimes used by male speakers; かわいいよ。 may imply she might not know that she's cute, かわいいね。 may imply you expect her to notice it too, and かわいいよね。implies that the speaker is fairly certain about the statement and expect the other person to agree

Situation 2

At the entrance of her friend Haru's house, Mari is talking to Haru's mother.

マリ：このトマト、うちで作ったんですよ。

マリ：このトマト、うちで作(つく)ったんですよ。

Mari: We grew these tomatoes at home.

• この this
• トマト tomato
• うち inside; of; before; home; my place; family; うちの my: うちの家(いえ) my home
• ～で in; at; from; by: indicates means (methods) or places; フォークで食(た)べる to eat with a fork; 家(いえ)で食(た)べる to eat at home; may make a noun adverbial: 短(みじか)い時間(じかん)で食(た)べる eating fast; indicates a choice: じゃあビールで。Then, I choose beer.
• 作(つく)った past tense of 作(つく)る
• 作(つく)る to make; to create; to cook
• ～んです commonly used when you explain something; 実(じつ)は日本人(にほんじん)なんです。 In fact, I'm Japanese.

ハルの母：えー、すごいですね。

ハルの母(はは)：えー、すごいですね。

Haru's mother: Wow, that's wonderful.

• えー expresses surprise or disappointment; えー、本当(ほんとう)？ What? Really?
• すごい i-adj. fantastic, wonderful, terrible; adv. awfully, very, immensely
• ～です polite ending; use this polite form, called "keigo," when you talk to strangers, people who are older than you, and in business situations.

マリ：たくさんできたんで、持ってきました。

マリ：たくさんできたんで、持(も)ってきました。

Mari: We grew a lot, so I brought some.

• たくさん many; much; a lot
• できた past tense of できる
• できる to be able to do; to be ready; to be made; to be good at; to grow: e.g. 彼女(かのじょ)ができる=to find a girlfriend、 友達(ともだち)ができる=to make a friend
• ～ので、～んで as; because; since; 疲(つか)れたんで帰(かえ)ります。I'll go home because I'm tired.
• 持(も)って te-form of 持(も)つ; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 持(も)つ to have; to take; to hold
• ～てきました past tense of ～てきます
• ～てきます ます form of ～てくる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• ～てくる [1] go and _; indicates that you will do something and come back to the original place; indicates you are doing something in addition to coming to a place; 学校(がっこう)に行(い)ってくる。 I'll go to school (and come back.) [2] indicates a gradual process; 空(そら)が赤(あか)くなってくる。The sky is becoming red.

ハルの母：まあ、ありがとうございます。

ハルの母(はは)：まあ、ありがとうございます。

Haru's mother: Oh, thank you.

• ありがとうございます、ありがとう thank you; ありがと is colloquial

マリ：みんなに食べてもらいたいです。

マリ：みんなに食(た)べてもらいたいです。

Mari: I want everyone to have some.

• みんな everyone (often みなさん); everything
• ～に indicates a destination, place or point of attention: 日本(にほん)に行(い)く to go to Japan; 友達(ともだち)に話(はな)す to talk to a friend; indicates the result or goal of an action: 大人(おとな)になる to become an adult; indicates an actor in a passive sentence: 先生(せんせい)に見(み)つかった。I was found by a teacher.
• 食(た)べて te-form of 食(た)べる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• ～もらいたい たい form of ～てもらう; ～たい expresses desire; I want to __
• ～てもらう to get somebody to do something (as a favour): 買(か)い物(もの)に行(い)ってもらった。I asked them to go shopping.

Situation 3

Haru’s mother and Mari are talking about tomatoes in the vegetable garden.

ハルの母：家のベランダで作ってるんですよね。

ハルの母(はは)：家(いえ)のベランダで作(つく)ってるんですよね。

Haru's mother: You grew these on the balcony of your house, right?

• 家(いえ) house; home
• ～の indicates possession: 私(わたし)の子供(こども) my child; その車(くるま)、私(わたし)の。That car is mine; 私(わたし)の食(た)べる？Do you want to eat mine?
• ベランダ balcony
• 作(つく)って te-form of 作(つく)る; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• ～ている、～てる verb form to express continuation; 食(た)べる + ている = 食(た)べている eating; てる is a colloquial version of ている; some verbs such as 知(し)る uses this form to express the present situation 知(し)っている (I know) but uses the present native form to say the opposite: 知(し)らない (I don't know); often てん in spoken Japanese: それ、知(し)ってんの？Do you know that?

マリ：はい。ベランダから取ってきて、すぐ食べられます。

マリ：はい。ベランダから取(と)ってきて、すぐ食(た)べられます。

Mari: Yes. We can get them from the balcony and eat them right away.

• はい yes
• ～から from; after: 日本(にほん)から来(き)ました。I'm from Japan.
• 取(と)って te-form of 取(と)る; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 取(と)る to take; to get; to have; to pass
• ～てきて te-form of ～てくる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• すぐ immediately; right away; soon
• 食(た)べ(ら)れます keigo (polite) form of 食(た)べ(ら)れる
• 食(た)べ(ら)れる potential form of 食(た)べる; ～(ら)れる expresses possibility; can; can be; some people consider ～られる is a correct from, however, many people use ～れる in spoken Japanese

ハルの母：それがいいですよね。

ハルの母(はは)：それがいいですよね。

Haru's mother: That's great, isn't it.

• それ that
• いい good; 映画(えいが)よかった！ The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice; 私(わたし)、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.

マリ：はい。大きいのや、形が悪いのや、いろんなのができますけど。

マリ：はい。大(おお)きいのや、形(かたち)が悪(わる)いのや、いろんなのができますけど。

Mari: Yes. Big ones, poorly shaped ones, all kinds of them grow.

• 大(おお)きい big; large; great
• 物(もの)、～の thing; object; stuff: ～の can replace 物(もの) if it's after na-adjective: いろんなのがある＝いろんな物(もの)がある。
• ～や and; or; 仕事(しごと)や生活(せいかつ) work or life
• 形(かたち) form; shape; figure
• 悪(わる)い bad
• いろんな various; different kinds of: いろんなものを買(か)った。I bought many different kinds of things; いろんな is more colloquial than いろいろな
• できます ます form of できる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• けど but; however; although; though; a lot of people finish a sentence with (だ)けど because it makes the sentence less direct.

Situation 4

Haru and Yuka are talking about vegetables.

ハル：トマト、好き？

ハル：トマト、好(す)き？

Haru: Do you like tomatoes?

ユカ：一番好きかも。

ユカ：一番(いちばん)好(す)きかも。

Yuka: They might be my favorite.

• 一番(いちばん) number one; first; most
• ～かも perhaps; maybe; 明日(あした)、雨(あめ)かもしれない。Maybe it will rain tomorrow.

ハル：よかった。あげるよ。

ハル：よかった。あげるよ。

Haru: Good. I'll give you some.

• よかった past tense of よい・いい; "what a relief": 元気(げんき)でよかった。It's good (I'm relieved) that you are fine.
• あげる to raise; to lift; to give

ユカ：えー、ほんと？

ユカ：えー、ほんと？

Yuka: Wow, really?

• 本当(ほんとう)、ほんと truth; right; really

ハル：うん、友達が作ってて、たくさん持ってきたから。

ハル：うん、友達(ともだち)が作(つく)ってて、たくさん持(も)ってきたから。

Haru: Yeah, because my friend grew them and brought a lot.

• 友達(ともだち) friend
• ～ていて、～てて te-form of ～ている; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• ～てきた past tense of ～てくる
• ～から because; since: 雨(あめ)だから行(い)きません。I won't go because it's raining.; use だから with nouns and na-adjectives.

ユカ：やったー、ありがとう。

ユカ：やったー、ありがとう。

Yuka: Yay! Thank you.

• やったー hooray; yay; whee; yowzer; whoopee; yes

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