Lesson Dialogues
Situation 1
University students Yusuke and Kota are talking.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
ユウスケとコウタは、____を食べる。
A ピザ
B ラーメン
C パン
D パスタ
ユウスケ:帰る前に、何か食べてく?
- 帰る to return; to go home; to go back
- 前 forward; front; before
- 何か something; things like ..., or something like that ...; conversation filler: なんか、寒い。Well, it's cold; emphasises noun, often in a deprecating way: 魚なんか嫌い。I don't like something like fish.
- 食べて te-form of 食べる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
- 食べる to eat
- ~ていく、てく __ and go; describes an additional action along with the other action; may imply that you are leaving where you are; may imply continuity of action: ご飯食べていく。 I'll eat (and go somewhere else.); indicates what you are going to do in the future: これから一人で仕事していきます。From now on, I'm going to work alone.
コウタ:うん。何食べる?
- うん (casual, non-keigo) yes; yeah
- 何 what
ユウスケ:ラーメンは?よく行く店があるんだよ。
- ラーメン ramen (Japanese noodle soup)
- よく good; well; often: 日本によく行きます。 I go to Japan often.
- 行く to go
- 店 store; shop; restaurant
- ある to be (existence); to have (possession); to happen; use ある for objects and いる for people and animals
- ~のです、んです、のだ、んだ、の actually, as a matter of fact: 明日、映画見たいんですよね/だよね。I actually want to watch a movie tomorrow; often used with けど: すいません、トイレに行きたいんですけど/だけど。。。Excuse me, I'd like to go to the bathroom; used to ask for a reason: なんで明日、会社来ないんですか/来ないの? Why are you not coming to work tomorrow?; used to confirm or react to your observation: もう帰るんですか/帰るの? Are you going home already?; emphasizes discontentment or anger: 何言ってんだよ/んですか。 what the heck are you talking about?; ~なんだ with nouns, na-adjectives, and adverbs: 明日雨なんだ。It will rain tomorrow.
- ~よ introduces new information; emphasises a sentence: 朝だよ!It's morning!
コウタ:いいね!行く、行く!
- いい good: 映画よかった! The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice: 私、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.
- ~ね shares information or experiences; softens a sentence; expects an agreement; isn't it?; don't you?: 雨だね。Oh, it's raining (as you can see).
Situation 2
Students Yuki and Risa are talking.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
リサは、友達に聞いてきますか?
A はい
B いいえ
ユキ:この問題、もう1時間やってるけど、全然わかんない。
- これ this, these; この this, these (possessive): この車 this car
- 問題 problem; question
- もう already; soon; again; more; strengthens expression of an emotion; filler word: なんか、もう、帰ろうよ。 Like, let's go home already?
- 時間 time; hour: 一時間 one hour, 二時間 two hours
- やって te-form of やる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
- やる to do; to give; often more casual than する
- ~ている、てる verb form to express continuation; 食べる + ている = 食べている eating; てる is a colloquial version of ている; some verbs such as 知る uses this form to express the present situation 知っている (I know) but uses the present native form to say the opposite: 知らない (I don't know); often てん in spoken Japanese: それ、知ってんの?Do you know that?
- けれど、けど but; however; although; though; a lot of people finish a sentence with (だ)けど because it makes the sentence less direct.
- 全然 (not) at all; utterly; completely; usually used with a negative form: 全然分からない。I don't understand at all; (a lot of people use it with affirmative forms lately): 全然できるよ。I can easily do it.
- ~んない a colloquial form of ~らない; 分かんない = 分からない I don't understand
- わからない negative form of わかる
- わかる to understand; to see
リサ:私もだよー。
ユキ:やっぱり?
- やっぱり as (one) expected; still; either way; after all; nonetheless; やっぱり and やっぱ are colloquial versions of やはり
リサ:もう、わかんない!先生に聞いてくる!
- 先生 teacher; professor; doctor
- 聞いて te-form of 聞く; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
- 聞く to hear; to listen; to ask; to obey
- ~てくる [1] go and ___; indicates that you will do something and come back to the original place; indicates you are doing something in addition to coming to a place: 学校に行ってくる。 I'll go to school (and come back.) [2] indicates a gradual process: 空が赤くなってくる。The sky is becoming red. [3] indicates something you've been doing in the past. 今まで一人で仕事してきた。I've been working alone up until now.
Situation 3
Tanaka-san and Sato-san are talking at work.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
佐藤さんは、____に会いたい。
A 仕事
B 友達
C 子供
D 先生
田中:最近帰るのはやいですね。
- 最近 recently; lately
- ~の の can make other words, such as verbs or adjectives, function like a noun: 食べるのはやめる。I will stop eating. 欲しいのはどれ? Which is the one you want?
- 早い early; soon; 速い fast
佐藤:はやく子供に会いたいから。
- 子供 child
- 会いたい たい form of 会う; ~たい expresses desire; I want to __
- 会う to meet; to see
- ~から because; since: 雨だから行きません。I won't go because it's raining.; use だから with nouns and na-adjectives.
田中:へー!やっぱりかわいいですか?
- へー oh, yes?; really?
- かわいい cute; nice; lovely
佐藤:うん!すごいかわいいよー!
- すごい i-adj fantastic, wonderful, terrible; adv awfully, very, immensely
Situation 4
Ueno-san and Yamaguchi-san are talking.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
上野さんは、山口さんの本を読みたいですか?
A はい
B いいえ
上野:聞きましたよ。本を書いたんですね!
- 聞きました past form of 聞きます
- 聞きます ます form of 聞く; ~ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- 本 book
- 書いた past form of 書く
- 書く to write
山口:はい。書いてみました。
- 書いて te-form of 書く; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
- ~てみました past form of ~てみます
- ~てみます ます form of ~てみる; ~ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- ~てみる to try and ___; to try something; to attempt to do something: 食べてみる。I'll try eating.
上野:僕、読みます!
- 僕 I (used by male speakers)
- 読みます ます form of 読む; ~ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- 読む to read
山口:ほんとですか?ありがとうございます。
- 本当、ほんと truth; right; really
Step 2 - Take the Quiz
Let's see how many words you remember.
Take the quiz here.
Step 3 - Writing Exercises (Optional)
Let's practice what you learned here.