Lesson Dialogues
Situation 1
Ako and Toshio are taking a drive along the beach.
アコ:ちょっと!今の見た?
アコ:ちょっと!今(いま)の見(み)た?
Ako: Hey, did you see that just now?
- ちょっと (just) a little; a bit; (conversation filler)
- 今(いま) now
- の of; in; at; for; by; の can make other words, such as verbs, function like a noun: 食(た)べるのはやめる。I will stop eating.
- 見(み)た past tense of 見(み)る
- 見(み)る to see; to look; to watch; to check
トシオ:えっ?見なかった。
トシオ:えっ?見(み)なかった。
Toshio: Eh? I didn't see anything.
- え expresses surprise or disappointment; えー、本当(ほんとう)? What? Really?
- 見(み)なかった negative form of 見(み)た
アコ:見なかったの?すごかったよ。
アコ:見(み)なかったの?すごかったよ。
Ako: You didn't? It was pretty cool.
- ~の? emphasises a question: 本当(ほんとう)にできるの?Can you really do it?
- すごかった past tense of すごい
- すごい i-adj. fantastic; wonderful; terrible, adv. awfully; very; immensely
- ~よ、~よー introduces new information; emphasises a sentence; 朝(あさ)だよ!It's morning!
トシオ:何を見たの?
トシオ:何(なに)を見(み)たの?
Toshio: What did you see?
- 何(なに) what
アコ:すごい大きいヨット!
アコ:すごい大(おお)きいヨット!
Ako: A really big yacht!
- 大(おお)きい big; large; great
- ヨット yacht
Situation 2
Yamada is helping his 8-year-old son Satoshi study.
山田:どこが分からないの?
山田(やまだ):どこが分(わ)からないの?
Yamada: Which part don't you understand?
- どこ where; which part
- 分(わ)からない negative form of 分(わ)かる
- 分(わ)かる to understand; to see
サトシ:ここ。この問題が分かんないの。
サトシ:ここ。この問題(もんだい)が分(わ)かんないの。
Satoshi: This one. I don't get this problem.
- ここ here
- この this
- 問題(もんだい) problem; question
- 分(わ)かんない ~んない is a colloquial form of ~らない; 分(わ)かんない = 分(わ)からない I don't understand
山田:どこ?この問題?
山田(やまだ):どこ?この問題(もんだい)?
Yamada: Where? This one?
サトシ:うん。これ。
サトシ:うん。これ。
Satoshi: Yeah. This one.
- うん yes; yeah
- これ this
山田:これか?結構大変だな。
山田(やまだ):これか?結構(けっこう)大変(たいへん)だな。
Yamada: Oh, this? Looks tough.
- ~か? make a sentence a question; usually used with keigo sentences in spoken Japanese; textbooks often drop the question mark, but it's common to use a question mark in real-life situations
- 結構(けっこう) adv. quite, fairly; na-adj. good
- 大変(たいへん) serious; terrible; hard; difficult
- ~な expresses emotions; emphasises the emotion; softens the sentence; often なー; 日本(にほん)へ行(い)きたいな。I want to go to Japan; かわいいなー。It's so cute.
Situation 3
Mayu is writing her self-introduction.
ナオミ:なに書いてるの?
ナオミ:なに書(か)いてるの?
Naomi: What are you writing?
- 書(か)いて te-form of 書(か)く; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて!Please eat!
- 書(か)く to write
- ~ている、てる verb form to express continuation; 食(た)べる + ている = 食(た)べている eating; てる is a colloquial version of ている; some verbs such as 知(し)る uses this form to express the present situation 知(し)っている (I know) but uses the present native form to say the opposite: 知(し)らない (I don't know)
マユ:私のいい所。
マユ:私(わたし)のいい所(ところ)。
Mayu: My good points.
- 私(わたし) I
- の indicate possession: 私(わたし)の子供(こども) my child; その車(くるま)、私(わたし)の。That car is mine; 私(わたし)の食(た)べる?Do you want to eat mine?
- 良(よ)い、いい good; 映画(えいが)よかった! The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice; 私(わたし)、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.
- 所(ところ)、とこ place; point; part; aspect; area
ナオミ:えー、見たい。
ナオミ:えー、見(み)たい。
Naomi: Oh, I want to see.
- 見(み)たい たい form of 見(み)る; ~たい expresses desire; I want to __
マユ:いいよ。あんまり書いてないけど。
マユ:いいよ。あんまり書(か)いてないけど。
Mayu: Sure. But I didn't write much.
- いいよ sure; ok
- あんまり (not) much
- 書(か)いてない negative form of 書(か)いてる
- けど but; however; although; though; a lot of people finish a sentence with (だ)けどbecause it makes the sentence less direct.
ナオミ:そう?結構書いてあるじゃん。
ナオミ:そう?結構(けっこう)書(か)いてあるじゃん。
Naomi: You think so? There's a lot written.
- そう so (as in "I think so"); そう思(おも)う。 I think so. ; そうなんだ。 I see
- ~てある describes a state resulting from someone's action: お昼(ひる)ごはん作(つく)ってあるよ。I made lunch (and I'm keeping it so that you can eat it.)
- じゃん common way of ending a sentence mainly in Kanto region; a colloquial form of じゃない; isn't it
Situation 4
Maya and Tanaka are in a fast-food restaurant.
田中:なに食べようか?
田中(たなか):なに食(た)べようか?
Tanaka: Hmm, what are we going to eat?
- 食(た)べよう ou form of 食(た)べる; ~ou expresses suggestion; let's __; 食(た)べよう。 let's eat; 行(い)こう。 let's go; 遊(あそ)ぼう。 let's play.
- 食(た)べる to eat
マユ:田中くんは何にするの?
マユ:田中(たなか)くんは何(なに)にするの?
Mayu: What are you ordering, Tanaka?
- する to do; to make; to decide on; to choose
田中:僕はチーズバーガーにする。
田中(たなか):僕(ぼく)はチーズバーガーにする。
Tanaka: I'm getting a cheeseburger.
- 僕(ぼく) I (used by male speakers)
- チーズバーガー cheeseburger
マユ:それいいね。私も同じのにする。
マユ:それいいね。私(わたし)も同(おな)じのにする。
Mayu: Sounds tasty. I'll get one too.
- それ that
- ~ね shares information or experiences; softens a sentence; expects an agreement; isn't it?; don't you?; 雨(あめ)だね。Oh, it's raining (as you can see).
- も too; also
- 同(おな)じ same
Step 2 - Take the Quiz
Let's see how many words you remember.
Take the quiz here.
Step 3 - Writing Exercises (Optional)
Let's practice what you learned here.
サトシ:ここ。この問題(もんだい)が分(わ)かんないの
Does the の at the end sound feminine, or childish, or anything here?
How often is の used by grown men, in a casual situation, when it is not a question?
When to use no, ka or ne, from a cultural context, can be confusing.
> Does the の at the end sound feminine, or childish, or anything here?
No, here, の is more like for emphasizing.
> How often is の used by grown men, in a casual situation, when it is not a question?
Quite often. Also, intonation matters.
> When to use no, ka or ne, from a cultural context, can be confusing.
It is confusing as the differences can be subtle. So you need to pay attention to who uses what particles in what situations.
In situation #4, why is に used instead of を?
Also, is the の in the last sentence used the same way it is used in 今の?
> In situation #4, why is に used instead of を?
Which sentence are you referring to?
> Also, is the の in the last sentence used the same way it is used in 今の?
Kind of. Both makes the words 今、同じ like a noun. But 同じ is a bit different it can be a noun itself.
の in 同じの refers to チーズバーガー
>Which sentence are you referring to?
Sorry, I meant sentences 2-4 where they used「…にする。」. What could be the difference if they used を instead of に?
You can’t use を here.
~にする means you choose something.
I am not sure if I fully understood the “~てある” part. “A state resulting from someone’s action” is a bit abstract and I didn’t digest the example. Is this similar to perfect tense in the sense of concluded actions?
Yeah, it’s like “it’s been written”. Someone did something to something and they left it there.