2020-Aug-3 Level 1 三まで言える？

Lesson Dialogues

Situation 1

Tanaka-san and his son, Hiroki (age three) are taking a bath together.

ヒロキ：もういい？

ヒロキ：もういい？

Hiroki: Are we done?

• もう already; soon; again; strengthens expression of an emotion; filler word: なんか、もう、帰(かえ)ろうよ: Like, let's go home already?
• いい good; 映画(えいが)よかった！ The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice; 私(わたし)、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.

田中：まだ。まだ。

田中(たなか)：まだ。まだ。

Tanaka: Not yet.

• まだ yet; still; まだ帰(かえ)れない。I can't go home yet.

ヒロキ：もういい？

ヒロキ：もういい？

Hiroki: Are we done?

田中：もう少し。

田中(たなか)：もう少(すこ)し。

Tanaka: Almost.

• 少(すこ)し a little; a few

ヒロキ：もう出たいよー。

ヒロキ：もう出(で)たいよー。

Hiroki: I want to get out already.

• 出(で)たい たい form of 出(で)る; ～たい expresses desire; I want to __
• 出(で)る to go out; to come out; to attend
• ～よ、～よー introduces new information; emphasises a sentence; 朝(あさ)だよ！It's morning!

田中：三まで言える？

田中(たなか)：三(さん)まで言(い)える？

Tanaka: Can you count to three?

• 三(さん) three
• まで to, as far as:日本(にほん)まで行(い)った。I went to (as far as) Japan. till; until; 朝(あさ)まで仕事(しごと)した。I worked until morning.
• 言(い)える potential form of 言(い)う; ～える expresses possibility; can; can be
• 言(い)う to say; to speak; to talk; to mean: どういう意味(いみ)？What does it mean? 暑(あつ)いっていう意味(いみ)。It means "hot".

ヒロキ：うん、言える。一、二、三。

ヒロキ：うん、言(い)える。一(いち)、二(に)、三(さん)。

Hiroki: Yeah, I can. One, two, three.

• うん (casual, non-keigo) yes; yeah
• 一(いち) one
• 二(に) two

田中：よくできたね。出よう。

田中(たなか)：よくできたね。出(で)よう。

Tanaka: Well done. Let's get out.

• よく good; well; often; 日本(にほん)によく行(い)きます。 I go to Japan often.
• できた past tense of できる
• できる to be able to do; to be ready; to be made; to be good at; e.g. 彼女(かのじょ)ができる=to find a girlfriend、 友達(ともだち)ができる=to make a friend
• ～ね shares information or experiences; softens a sentence; expects an agreement; isn't it?; don't you?; 雨(あめ)だね。Oh, it's raining (as you can see).
• 出(で)よう ou form of 出(で)る; ～ou expresses suggestion; let's __; 食(た)べよう。 let's eat; 行(い)こう。 let's go; 遊(あそ)ぼう。 let's play; 作(つく)ろう。let's make.

Situation 2

Haru is talking while looking at Aki's ballpoint pen.

ハル：これ、私も持ってる。

ハル：これ、私(わたし)も持(も)ってる。

Haru: I have this too.

• これ this
• ～も too; also; 私(わたし)も行(い)く！ I'll go too!
• 持(も)って te-form of 持(も)つ; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 持(も)つ to have; to take; to hold
• ～て(い)る verb form to express continuation; 食(た)べる + ている = 食(た)べている eating; てる is a colloquial version of ている; some verbs such as 知(し)る uses this form to express the present situation 知(し)っている (I know) but uses the present native form to say the opposite: 知(し)らない (I don't know); often てん in spoken Japanese: それ、知(し)ってんの？Do you know that?

アキ：え、同じの？

アキ：え、同(おな)じの？

Aki: Huh? The same one?

• え expresses surprise or disappointment; えー、本当(ほんとう)？ What? Really?
• 同(おな)じ same
• の の can make other words, such as verbs, function like a noun: 食(た)べるのはやめる。I will stop eating.

ハル：うん。同じの持ってる。

ハル：うん。同(おな)じの持(も)ってる。

Haru: Yeah. I have the same one.

アキ：私、これ、好き。よく使ってる。

アキ：私(わたし)、これ、好(す)き。よく使(つか)ってる。

Aki: I love this. I use it a lot.

• 好(す)き favorite; to like; to love
• よく good; well; often; 日本(にほん)によく行(い)きます。 I go to Japan often.
• 使(つか)って te-form of 使(つか)う; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 使(つか)う to use; to handle

ハル：私も。一番よく使ってるかも。

ハル：私(わたし)も。一番(いちばん)よく使(つか)ってるかも。

Haru: Me too. It's probably the one I use the most.

• 一番(いちばん) number one; first; most
• かも perhaps; maybe; 明日(あした)、雨(あめ)かもしれない。Maybe it will rain tomorrow.

Situation 3

Haru is baking cookies in the oven. This is a conversation with Aki who has come to watch.

アキ：時間かかるの？できるまで。

アキ：時間(じかん)かかるの？できるまで。

Aki: Will it take long for them to be done?

• 時間(じかん) time
• かかる to take (time, resource); to cost; to hang
• ～の emphasises a sentence or question: 本当(ほんとう)にできるの？Can you really do it?; できるの！I can do it!; may sound feminine in some cases; 私(わたし)、できるの。 sounds feminine.

ハル：そんなにかかんない。

ハル：そんなにかかんない。

Haru: It doesn't take that long.

• そんなに so much; so; like that; そんなに食(た)べれない。I can't eat that much.
• かかんない colloquial form of かからない
• かからない negative form of かかる

アキ：今、中、どうなってるかな？

アキ：今(いま)、中(なか)、どうなってるかな？

Aki: I wonder what's happening inside right now?

• 今(いま) now
• 中(なか) inside; in; into
• どう how; what; どう思(おも)う？What do you think?; how about: ラーメンどう？How about (eating) ramen?
• なって te-form of なる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• なる to become; to be; to get; to come; to do; to start; to do; to turn into; often ～になる; 元気(げんき)になる to get well; 先生(せんせい)になる to become a teacher
• ～かな indicates uncertainty; softens a sentence; ちょっと寒(さむ)いかな。I think it's a bit cold.

ハル：中、見てみる？ここから。

ハル：中(なか)、見(み)てみる？ここから。

Haru: Do you want to see inside? Look here.

• 見(み)て te-form of 見(み)る; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• 見(み)る to see; to look; to watch; to check; we use 観(み)る for things like sports or TV shows
• ～てみる try and _; to try something; to attempt to do something; 食(た)べてみる。I'll try eating.
• ここ here
• ～から from; 日本(にほん)から来(き)ました。I'm from Japan.

アキ：うん。見えた。まだかな？

アキ：うん。見(み)えた。まだかな？

Aki: Yeah. I could see. Not done yet?

• 見(み)えた past tense of 見(み)える
• 見(み)える to be seen, to be in sight; to look, to seem, to appear

ハル：まだ。後もう少し。

ハル：まだ。後(あと)もう少(すこ)し。

Haru: Not yet. Just a little bit longer.

• 後(あと) after; later; the rest; also; in addition; from now: あと三分(さんぷん)あります。We have 3 minutes left (from now).

Situation 4

A station employee is teaching an old woman how to buy a ticket from the ticket machine.

駅員：見てくださいね。

駅員(えきいん)：見(み)てくださいね。

Station employee: Please watch.

• ～てください please ___; 食(た)べてください。Please eat.

おばあさん：はい。

おばあさん：はい。

Old woman: Yes.

• はい yes

駅員：まず、ここにお金を入れます。それからこうします。

駅員(えきいん)：まず、ここにお金(かね)を入(い)れます。それからこうします。

Station employee: First, put the money in here. After that, do this.

• まず first; firstly;
• ～に indicates a destination, place or point of attention: 日本(にほん)に行(い)く to go to Japan; 友達(ともだち)に話(はな)す to talk to a friend; indicates the result or goal of an action: 大人(おとな)になる to become an adult; indicates an actor in a passive sentence: 先生(せんせい)に見(み)つかった。I was found by a teacher.
• (お)金(かね) money
• 入(い)れます ます form of 入(い)れる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• 入(い)れる to put in; to include
• それから and then; after that; and; それから彼(かれ)は帰(かえ)った。And then, he left.
• こう like this; this way; こうしよう。Let's do this way.
• します ます form of する; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• する to do; to make; to decide on; to choose

おばあさん：あ、出てきましたね。

おばあさん：あ、出(で)てきましたね。

Old woman: Ah, it came out.

• 出(で)て te-form of 出(で)る; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command; 食(た)べて！Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日(きのう)学校(がっこう)行(い)って、勉強(べんきょう)して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and…
• ～てきました past tense of ～てきます
• ～てきます ます form of ～てくる; ～ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
• ～てくる [1] go and _; indicates that you will do something and come back to the original place; indicates you are doing something in addition to coming to a place; 学校(がっこう)に行(い)ってくる。 I'll go to school (and come back.) [2] indicates a gradual process; 空(そら)が赤(あか)くなってくる。The sky is becoming red.

駅員：はい。これで買えましたよ。

駅員(えきいん)：はい。これで買(か)えましたよ。

Station employee: Yes. Like this, you were able to buy it.

• ～で in; at; from; by: indicates means (methods) or places; フォークで食(た)べる to eat with a fork; 家(いえ)で食(た)べる to eat at home; may make a noun adverbial: 短(みじか)い時間(じかん)で食(た)べる eating fast; indicates a choice: じゃあビールで。Then, I choose beer.
• 買(か)えました past tense of 買(か)えます
• 買(か)えます keigo (pollite) form of 買(か)える
• 買(か)える potential form of 買(か)う; ～える expresses possibility; can; can be
• 買(か)う to buy

Step 2 - Take the Quiz

Let's see how many words you remember.
Take the quiz here.

Step 3 - Writing Exercises (Optional)

Let's practice what you learned here.