Lesson Dialogues
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Situation 1
Aki is at home and noticed that her smartphone is missing.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
1. ãĸãã¯ããšããã____ãĢčĄãã¨ããæãŖãĻãŖãã
A åĻæ Ą
B æ įģ
C ãŦãšããŠãŗ
D ãĢãã§
2. ãĸãã¯ããšãããŽéŗãåããžãããīŧ
A ã¯ã
B ããã
ãĸãīŧį§ãŽãšããããŠãčĄãŖããŽããĒãããããįĨããĒãīŧ
ãããããīŧįĨããĒããããĒããŽīŧ
ãĸãīŧããããĒãã
ãããããīŧé¨åąã¨ããžããã¨ãčĻãĻãŋãīŧ
- ãžãã circumference; surroundings; neighborhood; around
ãĸãīŧããããããããĒã¨ããŋããĒčĻãããŠãĒãã
- īŊãã seeming thatâĻ; appearing thatâĻ: å æ°ãĒãããã ããYou don't seem well; ææĨãžã§ãĢã§ãããīŧCan you do it by tomorrow?; almost: č˛ ãããã ãŖããI almost lost (the game).
ãããããīŧæ įģčĄãã¨ããæãŖãĻãŖããã ããīŧ
ãĸãīŧãããããã¯įĸēãã
ãããããīŧæåžãĢäŊŋãŖããŽããã¤īŧ
- æåž last; end
ãĸãīŧæ įģå§ãžãåãããĄãĢéģ芹ããã¨ãã
- å§ãžã to start; to begin
ãããããīŧããŧãæ įģįĩããæéãéģ芹ããĻãããããã
- īŊãĻããã to do something as a favor: åĻæ ĄãĢæĨãĻãããīŧ Can you come to the school?; īŊãĻãããĒã indicates that someone is not doing something even if you want them to: é´æ¨ãããåĻæ ĄãĢæĨãĻãããĒããSuzuki-kun is not coming to school (even though I want him to.)
ãĸãīŧãããå¤ãã¯ããŽæéãĢåŊąéŋãããããã
- åŊąéŋ influence; åŊąéŋãã to affect, to influence
ãããããīŧããŽåžã¯äŊŋãŖãĻãĒããŽīŧ
ãĸãīŧããļããããæåžãæ įģå§ãžãŖããäŊŋããĒããã
- īŊãã if, when, after: įĩããŖããčĄããI'll go when I finish; why don't you...?: ååŧˇãããīŧWhy don't you study? (We use ãã to say, "if something happens, something else will happen".)
ãããããīŧããããããããéģ芹ããããŠãīŧ
ãĸãīŧį§ãŽãšãããĢīŧ
ãããããīŧããããžãããĢããŖããéŗããããã
- éŗ sound; noise
ãĸãīŧã§ããæ įģãĢåŊąéŋããããéŗåãŖãã
- åã to cut; to turn off
ãããããīŧããŧãåãŖãĻããŽīŧ
Situation 2
Aki went to the movie theater to ask if there was a smartphone left behind.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
1. ãĸãã¯ããã¤ããšãããåŋããžãããīŧ
A æ¨æĨ
B äģæĨ
C äģæ
D å
éą
2. ãĸããŽãšããã¯ã____ã
A ããŖã
B ãĒããŖã
ãĸãīŧãĄããŖã¨čããĻãããã§ããīŧ
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧã¯ãããŠããĒãã¨ã§ããīŧ
ãĸãīŧæ¨æĨããį§ãŽãšããããĒããã§ãããŠãŖããĢåŋããĻãžããã§ãããīŧ
- æ¨æĨ yesterday
- ãŠããããŠãŖã somewhere, anywhere: ãŠããčĄãããLet's go somewhere; in some way, somehow: ãŠããééãŖãĻãããSomething is wrong.
- åŋããĻ(ã)ãžããã§ãã ãžã form of åŋããĻ(ã)ãĒããŖã; īŊãžã makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- åŋããĻ(ã)ãĒããŖã negative form of åŋããĻ(ã)ã
- åŋããĻ(ã)ã progressive, past form of åŋãã to forget (åŋãã -> åŋããĻ(ã)ã -> åŋããĻ(ã)ã)
- åŋãã to forget
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧãĒããĒãŖããŽã¯æ¨æĨã§ããīŧã
ãĸãīŧã¯ããæ¨æĨããã¸æĨããŽã§ãããã§åŋãããã ã¨æããžãã
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧæ įģãå ¨é¨įĩããŖãåžããã¤ãä¸ã¯ããčĻããã§ãããäŊãæŽãŖãĻããĒãããããã§ããã
- ãã¤ã always; all the time
- æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ã progressive, past form of æŽã to be left (æŽã -> æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ã -> æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ã)
- æŽã to remain; to be left
- īŊãĒã if, in case: é¨ãĒãčĄããžãããI won't go if it's raining; ã ãŖãã (colloquial) é¨ã ãŖããčĄããžããã; as for: æąäēŦãĒãããįĨãŖãĻãžããI know a lot about Tokyo; then: ãããĒãčĄããžããããThen, let's go. (With ãĒã, you don't have to wait for the action to complete: âif X is going to happen, Y will happen.â This is different from ãã.)
ãĸãīŧãããžããã§ãããīŧ
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧã¯ããæ¨æĨã¯äŊãæŽãŖãĻãžããã§ããã
- æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ãžããã§ãã ãžã form of æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ãĒããŖã; īŊãžã makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ãĒããŖã negative form of æŽãŖãĻ(ã)ã
ãĸãīŧæåžãĢãšããäŊŋãŖããŽã¯ãããĒãã§ãããŠã
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧãŠããĒãšããã§ããīŧ
ãĸãīŧãĢããŧãĢį§ãŽååãæ¸ããĻãããžãã
- ãĢããŧ case
- īŊãĻãã describes a state resulting from someone's action: ãæŧãã¯ãäŊãŖãĻããããI made lunch (and I'm keeping it so that you can eat it).
æ įģ館ãŽäēēīŧããŧããããĒãããããããžãããã
ãĸãīŧã¯ãããã¤ããĒãåēãĻãããã§ãããŠããŠãŖããĢåŋããĻãæåžãĢã¯ã
- īŊãĻã even if; (even) though: čããĻãããããĒããI don't understand even if I ask
Step 2 - Take the Quiz
Let's see how many words you remember.
Take the quiz here.
Step 3 - Writing Exercises (Optional)
Let's practice what you learned here.
What purpose does ãĒã serve in ã¯ãããã¤ããĒãåēãĻãããã§ãããŠããŠãŖããĢåŋããĻãæåžãĢã¯? ãĒã translates to “if” but the only if used in the translated sentence is “even if” which is ãĻã so what function is it serving?
ãĒã here indicates a condition, but is not necessarily translated as “if.”
It’s hard to translate ãĒã alone. Let me explain its idea again.
When we say ãã¤ããĒã, we imply that the same things have happened many times, and they ended up the same result. We bring up the experience as standard and compare it to what happens.
So ãã¤ããĒãåēãĻãããã§ã suggests that she has lost her phone many times, but she was able to find or get it back each time. She calls the experience ãã¤ã. She is kind of convinced that her phone always ends up coming back to her.
I wonder if it’s easier for you to understand if I say “Usually, (it should be found).” or “Considering how it was found all the time in the past, (it should be found as well).”
Does it make sense?
So ãã¤ããĒã basically means “this always happens” or usually happens or should happen.
Yes, but it is used to express how something is unexpected for you by bringing up the fact that usually happens.
Supposing you have a parrot that has said ãã¯ãã at 8:00 am sharp every morning for 5 years without fail.
One morning at 8:02 am, you’ve noticed you didn’t hear its voice.
You would say
ãã¤ããĒãååīŧæãĢããã¯ãããã¨č¨ãã¯ããĒãŽãĢã
– Usually, it should say ãã¯ãã at 8:00 am (but it didn’t).
If it still doesn’t make sense, how would you say in that situation in English?
No, I understand. So it’s used when something should or usually happens every time but doesn’t that one time.
We don’t really have a phrase for that in English, one would say “Huh, he usually say’s morning at this time, but didn’t today”.
Exactly!
I see. I was hoping that there is a sentence pattern that is similar to it.
Anyway, you don’t need that since you understand the meaning.
As a native English speaker I can tell you English is a broken language. The amount of filler words and topic-markers we need in an average sentence is astounding (on the bright side it makes jumping into a conversation in the middle or reading an English sentence out of context very easy compared to Japanese since context and perspective are always restated). So we don’t really have many phrases that cover many things but multiple words needed to get across said phrase, unless we happen to have a word we assimilated from another language. My favorite being schadenfreude, which describes that feeling of pleasure you get watching someone fall off a skateboard.
Yes, as a non-native speaker, English is an interesting language.
It’s useful to compare the difference between your mother tongue and a foreign language when you learn it, but sometimes the knowledge and rules of your mother tongue can be obstacles to understand. I guess we sometimes need to put aside that knowledge and rules.
Thank you for telling me about “schadenfreude”. I guess it comes from German. It’ll be my favorite word, too. đ
ãĸãīŧã¯ãããã¤ããĒãåēã§ãĻãããã§ãããŠããŠãŖããĢåŋããããĻãæåžããããĢã¯ã
Aki: Yes, usually it turns up (in the end), even if I leave it behind somewhere.
ãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧãŧ
this ããã¤ããĒãåēãĻã is an expression?
when i tried to translate literally, it would be something like “if always come out”, so i think i wouldnt be able to understand if there wasnt a translation
It’s ãã¤ã (usually, always) + ãĒã(conditional ) + åēãĻãã (show up, be found)
When we say ãã¤ããĒã, we explain how a thing is usually like in order to compare to what actually happens.
So it literally means ” My phone has always been found in the end after I left it somewhere.”,
and it implies “That’s why it should be found as usual.” or “It’s very unusual that my phone isn’t found.”