Lesson Dialogues
Situation 1
Hayakawa-san and Sato-san are working together. It has just become finishing time.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
早川さんと佐藤さんは、もう帰る時間ですか?
A はい
B いいえ
早川:今日はもう終わりましょう。
- 今日 today
- もう already; soon; again; more; strengthens expression of an emotion; filler word: なんか、もう、帰ろうよ。 Like, let's go home already?
- 終わりましょう ましょう form of 終わる; ~ましょう is a keigo form of ~よう which expresses desire; let's __
- 終わる to end; to finish
佐藤:もう、そんな時間ですか?
- そんな that; such: そんな事はできない。I can't do such a thing; そんなに so much; so; like that; often そんなに~ない: そんなに食べれない。I can't eat that much.
- 時間 time; hour: 一時間 one hour, 二時間 two hours
早川:はい。もう帰る時間ですよ。
- 帰る to return; to go home; to go back
- ~よ introduces new information; emphasises a sentence: 朝だよ!It's morning!
佐藤:本当だ。もう5時ですね。
- 本当、ほんと truth; right; really
- 時 time, when: 子供の時 when I was a child; 時 o'clock
- ~ね shares information or experiences; softens a sentence; expects an agreement; isn't it?, don't you?: 雨だね。Oh, it's raining (as you can see).
Situation 2
At work, Suzuki-san is addressing Yamashita-san.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
鈴木さんは、____事がある。
A 食べたい
B 読みたい
C 聞きたい
D 飲みたい
鈴木:今、時間ありますか?
- 今 now
- あります ます form of ある; ~ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- ある to be (existence); to have (possession); to happen; use ある for objects and いる for people and animals
山下:はい。
鈴木:聞きたい事があって。
- 聞きたい たい form of 聞く; ~たい expresses desire; I want to __
- 聞く、聴く to hear; to listen; to ask; to obey
- 事 thing: 大事なこと an important thing; こと converts a sentence into a massive noun: 明日、日本に行くことは難しい。 It's difficult to go to Japan tomorrow. ("明日、日本に行くこと" works like a big chunk of noun)
- あって te-form of ある; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command: 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
山下:聞きたい事ですか。
鈴木:はい。少し話せますか?
- 少し a little; a few
- 話せます ます form of 話せる; ~ます makes a keigo (polite) sentence
- 話せる potential form of 話す; ~せる expresses possibility; can; can be; some people consider
- 話す to talk; to tell; to speak
山下:もちろんです。
- もちろん of course; needless to say
Situation 3
Kaori has come to visit Miki's house.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
かおりは、なんか食べますか?
A はい
B いいえ
みき:なんか食べる?
- 何か、なんか something; things like ..., or something like that ...; conversation filler: なんか、寒い。Well, it's cold; emphasises noun, often in a deprecating way: 魚なんか嫌い。I don't like something like fish.
- 食べる to eat
かおり:ううん。でも、なんか飲みたい。
- ううん nuh-uh; no (non keigo)
- でも but; however: でも、日本に行きたい。But, I want to go to Japan; even: プロでも出来ない。Even professionals can't do it; or something; things like; how about; often used to soften a word and doesn't have a lot of meanings: お茶でもどう?How about tea?; ラーメンでも食べる?Do you want to eat (things like) ramen?
- 飲みたい たい form of 飲む; ~たい expresses desire; I want to __
- 飲む to drink
みき:水しかないんだよね。
- 水 water
- ~しか only; just; no more than; 少ししか仕事できない。I can only work a little bit.
- 無い There is no . . . ; no . . .
- ~のです、んです、のだ、んだ、の actually, as a matter of fact: 明日、映画見たいんですよね/だよね。I actually want to watch a movie tomorrow; often used with けど: すいません、トイレに行きたいんですけど/だけど。。。Excuse me, I'd like to go to the bathroom; used to ask for a reason: なんで明日、会社来ないんですか/来ないの? Why are you not coming to work tomorrow?; used to confirm or react to your observation: もう帰るんですか/帰るの? Are you going home already?; emphasizes discontentment or anger: 何言ってんだよ/んですか。 What the heck are you talking about?; ~なんだ with nouns, na-adjectives, and adverbs: 明日雨なんだ。It will rain tomorrow.
- ~よね、よな shares mutual sentiments; confirms some information: 寒いよね。 It's cold, right?; よな is sometimes used by male speakers; かわいいよ。 may imply she might not know that she's cute, かわいいね。 may imply you expect her to notice it too, and かわいいよね。implies that the speaker is fairly certain about the statement and expect the other person to agree.
かおり:水でいいよ。
- よい、いい good: 映画よかった! The film was great!; you may use this to indicate your preference or choice: 私、ラーメンがいい。I'd like to choose ramen; いいね is the Japanese version of "like" on social media.
みき:そう?はい。
- そう so (as in "I think so"): そう思う。 I think so. ; そうなんだ。 I see.; that is so, that's right
かおり:ありがとう。
Situation 4
Miho has cooked for Shiori.
Comprehension Quiz (Skip if you don't understand the conversation yet)
しおりは、____と言った。
A おいしい
B かわいい
C たくさん
D もちろん
みほ:どう?
- どう how; what: どう思う?What do you think?; how about: ラーメンどう?How about (eating) ramen?
しおり:おいしい!
- おいしい delicious; tasty
みほ:本当?よかった。
- よかった past form of よい
しおり:これ、毎日食べたいよ。
- これ、この これ this, these; この this, these (possessive): この車 this car
- 毎日 every day
- 食べたい たい form of 食べる; ~たい expresses desire; I want to __
みほ:まだたくさんあるよ。
- まだ yet; still: まだ帰れない。I can't go home yet.
- たくさん many; much; a lot
しおり:本当?
みほ:うん。もっと食べて!
- もっと more
- 食べて te-form of 食べる; te-form is often used to connect to other expressions; te-form may indicate a command: 食べて!Please eat!; it's common to end a sentence with a te-form. Japanese people often don't finish a sentence completely: 昨日学校行って、勉強して。。。I went to school yesterday, studied, and...
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